Free Trade Agreement between Hong Kong, China and Australia

Overview

Australia is a valuable trading partner of Hong Kong. It was our 8th largest services trading partner in 2022, with total services trade between the two sides amounting to HK$34.6 billion and our 21st largest merchandise trading partner in 2024, with total merchandise trade amounting to HK$41.1 billion.

As at the end of 2023, Australia ranked 10th among Hong Kong's destinations of outward direct investment, with a stock of HK$127.5 billion and ranked 19th among Hong Kong's sources of inward direct investment, with a stock of HK$30.8 billion.

Factsheet on Hong Kong's commercial relationship with Australia

Background

Hong Kong and Australia commenced negotiations of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and an Investment Agreement in May 2017. The negotiations were concluded in November 2018. The two Agreements were signed on 26 March 2019.

The Agreements are comprehensive in scope and the commitments therein are of high quality, encompassing trade in goods, trade in services, investment, government procurement, intellectual property, competition, dispute settlement mechanism and other related areas. They will provide Hong Kong traders and investors with legal certainty and more favourable access to the Australian market, whilst creating more business opportunities and enhancing trade and investment flows between Hong Kong and Australia.

The Agreements entered into force on 17 January 2020.

Key Outcomes

Key features of the FTA (consisting of 20 chapters) and the Investment Agreement are summarised below.

Tariffs and Trade Remedies1

  • As set out in Chapter 2 (Trade in Goods) of the FTA, Hong Kong and Australia are committed to eliminating all tariffs on goods originating from each other upon the entry into force of the FTA.
  • On trade remedies, Hong Kong and Australia agree to maintain their rights and obligations under the relevant World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements in respect of anti-dumping and safeguard measures. For countervailing measures, the two sides agree to strengthen the notification and consultation requirements.

Rules of Origin

  • To enjoy tariff-free entry to the Australian market, Hong Kong exporters will need to comply with the relevant preferential origin rules and fulfil the relevant requirements set out in Chapter 3 (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures) of the FTA.
  • To claim zero import tariffs for exports to Australia, Hong Kong producers, Hong Kong exporters, Australian importers or their representatives may complete a declaration of origin in accordance with Article 3.16 of Chapter 3 (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures) and Annex 3-A (Data Requirements) to the Chapter.
  • Imports from Australia are not required to be accompanied by a declaration of origin or certificate of origin in order for the goods to enjoy tariff-free treatment.

Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation

  • Chapter 4 (Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation) of the FTA covers commitments of Hong Kong and Australia on customs matters. It seeks to ensure that customs procedures and practices applying to goods traded between Hong Kong and Australia are predictable, consistent, transparent and trade facilitating.

Technical Barriers to Trade2 and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures3

1
Trade remedy measures refer to anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures. Imposition of these measures by the importing economy could result in additional duties (being one of the usual forms) on top of tariffs and other charges or other import restrictions on certain imports.
2
Technical barriers to trade include technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures that may directly or indirectly affect trade in goods.
3
Sanitary and phytosanitary measures are any measures applied to (i) protect human or animal life or health from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in their food; (ii) protect human life or health from plant- or animal-carried diseases or pests; (iii) protect animal or plant life or health from pests, diseases, disease-carrying organisms or disease-causing organisms; or (iv) prevent or limit other damage from the entry, establishment or spread of pests.

View full text of the Chapters and Annexes relating to Trade in Goods:

Chapter 2:
Chapter 3:
Chapter 4:
Chapter 5:
Chapter 6:
  • Hong Kong and Australia service providers will enjoy better business opportunities and legal certainty in market access in a comprehensive range of service sectors.
  • Among the various service sectors in which Hong Kong and Australia have made specific commitments, their services and service providers will enjoy the following benefits in each other's market:
    • access to the market of the other party including the right to establish business to provide services;
    • being treated no less favourably than local service providers under like circumstances;
    • automatically enjoy any additional liberalisation measures which the other party offers to other economies under its future FTAs; and
    • business visitors (BV), intra-corporate transferees (ICT) and independent executives (IE) (including dependants of ICT and IE) of Hong Kong will be granted temporary entry into Australia. Similarly, BV, ICT (including their dependants) and installers or servicers of Australia will be granted temporary entry into Hong Kong,
    subject to specified conditions or exceptions where applicable.
  • Australia's commitments encompass sectors where Hong Kong has traditional strengths or has potential for development. These include professional services (including arbitration, conciliation and mediation services), business services, transport services, financial services, and telecommunications services. Hong Kong also makes commitments to Australia on a wide range of service sectors.
  • Apart from market access commitments, the two sides have agreed on other obligations to facilitate trade in services. They include tariff-free undertaking for all electronic transmissions and other facilitation measures for e-commerce; improvement of transparency of domestic regulations and streamlining of application procedures for authorisation; provision of dedicated disciplines on financial services and telecommunications; and implementation of future work programmes on educational services, professional services and legal services.

View full text of the Chapters and Annexes relating to Trade in Services:

Chapter 7:
Chapter 8:
Chapter 9:
Chapter 10:
Movement of Natural Persons
Annex 10-A:
(Schedules of Specific Commitments)
Schedule of Hong Kong, China
Schedule of Australia
Chapter 11:
  • Under the FTA, Australia is committed to raising the monetary thresholds for screening of investments by Hong Kong investors, such that Hong Kong investors will be on a par with investors from most other FTA partners of Australia in this regard. This will help provide a level playing field for Hong Kong investors vis-a-vis other foreign investors investing in Australia. The FTA also contains specific commitments on treatment of investments, which benefit investors of Hong Kong and Australia alike.1
  • In addition to the FTA, Hong Kong and Australia have signed an Investment Agreement which will replace the existing one signed in 1993. The new Investment Agreement contains modern provisions on non-discriminatory treatment of investments and comprehensive protection of investments including -
    • fair and equitable treatment of investments;
    • physical protection and security of investments;
    • compensation for expropriation of investments;
    • compensation for investment losses owing to armed conflict or civil strife;
    • free transfers of investments and returns;
    • investor-Party dispute settlement mechanism; and
    • Party-Party dispute settlement mechanism.

View full text of the FTA's Chapter and Annexes relating to Investment:

Chapter 12:

View full text of the Investment Agreement

1
The legislations giving effect to Australia's Reform of Foreign Investment Framework came into effect on 1 January 2021. More details can be found from the official website of Australia's Foreign Investment Review Board. Specifically, the monetary thresholds for foreign investments in Australian Dollars applicable under the FTA for the year of 2024 are set out in Australia's Foreign Investment Review Board - Monetary Thresholds.
  • Chapter 13 (Government Procurement) of the FTA sets out commitments of Hong Kong and Australia on market access and rules in respect of government procurement (GP) to facilitate suppliers' access to each other's GP market.

View full text of the Chapter and Annex relating to Government Procurement:

Chapter 13:
  • Apart from affirming the rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, both sides have agreed to promote and strengthen cooperation in the area of intellectual property rights in order to enhance the benefits from trade and investment.

View full text of the Chapter relating to Intellectual Property:

Chapter 14:
  • The two sides have agreed to promote competition, and to encourage cooperation and information exchange between their competition authorities.

View full text of the Chapter relating to Competition:

Chapter 15:
  • The two sides have agreed to establish a transparent mechanism for consultations and settlement of possible disputes.
  • A panel may be established if the consultations fail to resolve the disputes.

View full text of the Chapter and Annexes relating to Consultations and Dispute Settlement:

Chapter 18:
2025-05-13
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