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Trade and Industry Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Brand Hong Kong - Asia world city

Commercial Information Circulars

Issued During 2013 - Americas

Circular No. Date of Issue Subject
1061/2013 30.12.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Calcium Hypochlorite from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
1058/2013 27.12.2013 Chile : Modifications to Phytosanitary Measures for Wood Packaging Materials
1057/2013 27.12.2013 Brazil : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Adipic Acid Originating in the Mainland of China
1056/2013 27.12.2013 Colombia : Modification of Import Tariff of Certain Polyvinyl Chloride
1055/2013 27.12.2013 Peru : Assessment of General Sales Tax for Various Products
1054/2013 27.12.2013 Argentina : Energy Efficiency Requirements for Certain Air Conditioners
1033/2013 20.12.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Hardwood and Decorative Plywood from the Mainland of China : Negative Injury Determination
1023/2013 17.12.2013 Argentina : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Electrical Insulators of Ceramics Originating in the Mainland of China
1022/2013 17.12.2013 Brazil : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Plastic Tube for Blood Collection Originating in the Mainland of China
1021/2013 17.12.2013 Brazil : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Sodium Acid Polyphosphate Originating in the Mainland of China
1020/2013 17.12.2013 Brazil : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Steel Tube Originating in the Mainland of China
1019/2013 17.12.2013 Brazil : Final Determination of Anti-dumping Investigation against Certain Line Pipe Originating in the Mainland of China
1011/2013 16.12.2013 Peru : Initiation of Anti-dumping Investigation against Steel Tube Originating in the Mainland of China
1010/2013 16.12.2013 Argentina : Final Determination of Anti-dumping Investigation against Poly(ethylene terephthalate) in Granules Originating in the Mainland of China
1009/2013 16.12.2013 Brazil : Regulations Regarding Various Aspects of Anti-dumping Investigations
1008/2013 16.12.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs and Establishment of Tariff Rate Quotas on Various Products
1007/2013 16.12.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Various Products
1000/2013 13.12.2013 US : Anti-dumping Action against Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less than Fair Value
993/2013 12.12.2013 Canada : Industry Guidance - "Danger to Human Health or Safety" Posed by Consumer Products
984/2013 10.12.2013 US : CPSC Establishes New Safety Standard for Infant Carriers, Revises Safety Standard for Infant Bath Seats, Toddler Beds and Full-Size Cribs
983/2013 10.12.1013 US : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
957/2013 02.12.2013 Brazil : Anti-dumping Investigation against Acrylic Sheets from the Mainland of China
951/2013 28.11.2013 Brazil : Antidumping Investigation against Acrylic Sheets from Hong Kong
939/2013 25.11.2013 Chile : Implementation of Electronic Manifest System for Sea Cargo
938/2013 25.11.2013 Chile : Modification of Food Safety Regulations
937/2013 25.11.2013 Argentina : Energy Efficiency Requirements for Household  Refrigerators and Washing Machines
936/2013 25.11.2013 Argentina : Energy Labeling Requirements for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts
935/2013 25.11.2013 Argentina : Reduced Duty for Certain Hydrocarbons
919/2013 19.11.2013 US : Anti-dumping Action against Non-oriented Electrical Steel from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
917/2013 15.11.2013 Mexico : Official Standards for Certain LPG-related Products
916/2013 15.11.2013 US : Excluding Certain Incandescent Reflector Lamps from Energy Conservation Standards
914/2013 15.11.2013 US : Countervailing Actions against Non-oriented Electrical Steel from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
907/2013 12.11.2013 US : CPSC Revoked Certain Requirements on Caps Intended for Use with Toy Guns
903/2013 11.11.2013 Brazil : New Calculation Method for Value of Imported Goods for Tax Purposes
885/2013 05.11.2013 US : Change in Practice for Respondent Selection in Antidumping Duty Proceedings
879/2013 01.11.2013 US : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Grain-oriented Electrical Steel from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
878/2013 01.11.2013 US : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Monosodium Glutamate from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
875/2013 31.10.2013 Mexico : Food Additive Regulations Modified
874/2013 31.10.2013 US : Energy Conservation Test Procedures and Standards for Various Products
872/2013 30.10.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from the Mainland of China: Negative Injury Determination
871/2013 30.10.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
866/2013 29.10.2013 Uruguay : Extension of Import Ban on Used Motor Vehicles
865/2013 29.10.2013 Ecuador: Technical Changes to Import Licensing Regime of Cell Phones
864/2013 29.10.2013 Colombia : Modification of Import Tariffs and Removal of Tariff Rate Quota on Agricultural Products
863/2013 29.10.2013 Brazil: Modification of Import Tariffs and Establishment of Tariff Rate Quotas on Various Products
861/2013 29.10.2013 Brazil : Technical Requirements for Drive Shaft
860/2013 29.10.2013 Chile : Guidance on Footwear Labelling Requirements
844/2013 24.10.2013 US : CPSC Issued Safety Standard for Bassinets and Cradles
843/2013 23.10.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Non-oriented Electrical Steel  from the Mainland of China : Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
835/2013 21.10.2013 Brazil : Administrative Procedures on Investigation and Application of Anti-dumping Measures
830/2013 17.10.2013 Colombia : Minimum Description Requirements on Import Declaration in Spanish
822/2013 11.10.2013 Canada: Withdrawal of General Preferential Tariff Entitlement
813/2013 08.10.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs and Establishment of Tariff Rate Quotas on Various Products
812/2013 08.10.2013 Brazil : Administrative Procedures for Granting Certificates of Good Manufacturing Practice for Drugs, Cosmetics and Personal Hygiene Products
811/2013 08.10.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Various Products
796/2013 02.10.2013 Mexico : New Good Manufacturing Practices for Medicaments
795/2013 02.10.2013 Mexico : Amendments of Regulation on Imported Products Covered by Sanitary and Phytosanitary Requirements
793/2013 02.10.2013 Mexico : Commercial Information Requirement for Packaging of Electric and Electronic Products Amended
791/2013 02.10.2013 US : Notice of Updates to the List of Goods Produced by Child Labour or Forced Labour
774/2013 26.09.2013 Argentina : Establishment of Traceability System for Phytosanitary and Veterinary Substances
773/2013 26.09.2013 Argentina : Renewal of Registration for Importers of Television Programmes
772/2013 26.09.2013 Colombia : Import Tariffs on Various Products
771/2013 26.09.2013 Chile : Addition of Two Food Additives to Food Code
770/2013 26.09.2013 Chile : Phytosanitary Requirements for Maritime Vessels Originating from Northern or Eastern Asia
769/2013 26.09.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Chlorinated Isocyanurates from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigation
768/2013 25.09.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Grain-oriented Electrical Steel from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
759/2013 23.09.2013 US : Extension of Time Limits for Submissions in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings
758/2013 23.09.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Monosodium Glutamate from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
757/2013 19.09.2013 Argentina : Phthalate Level in Health Certificate for Plastic Materials Used in Wine Bottles
742/2013 12.09.2013 US : Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment and Walk-in Coolers and Walk-in Freezers Proposed to be Amended
737/2013 11.09.2013 US : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Chlorinated Isocyanurates from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
710/2013 02.09.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Certain Automotive Parts
709/2013 02.09.2013 Chile : Amendment of Labelling Requirements for Packaged Food Products
708/2013 02.09.2013 Chile : Exemption from Excise Duty for Certain Food for Athletes
706/2013 30.08.2013 Brazil : Extension of Compliance Deadlines for Infusion Equipment Certification Requirements
705/2013 30.08.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs
704/2013 30.08.2013 Chile : Regulations on Commercial Transactions of Agricultural Products
703/2013 30.08.2013 Argentina : Extension of Compliance Deadlines for Gas-Fuelled Household Cooking Appliance Certification Requirements
702/2013 30.08.2013 Argentina : Technical Regulations on Good Manufacturing Practice for Medical Devices and In Vitro Diagnostic Devices
678/2013 21.08.2013 US : Energy Conservation Standards for Metal Halide Lamp Fixtures Proposed to be Amended
676/2013 21.08.2013 Canada : Antidumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Copper Tube from the Mainland of China: Preliminary Determinations
673/2013 20.08.2013 US : CPSC Amended Safety Standard for Play Yards
672/2013 20.08.2013 US : Mandatory Energy Conservation Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Dryers Amended
652/2013 13.08.2013 Mexico : New Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals Adopted
638/2013 08.08.2013 Canada : New Interactive Web Tools on Food Safety Process
636/2013 07.08.2013 Canada : Industry Guide to Children's Jewellery Issued
630/2013 05.08.2013 US : FDA Sets a Standard on "Gluten-Free" Labeling of Foods
629/2013 05.08.2013 US : Use of Market Economy Input Prices in Nonmarket Economy Antidumping Proceedings
619/2013 30.07.2013 Canada : Improved Model for Food Inspection in Canada 
617/2013 30.07.2013 Argentina : List of Substances Authorised for Manufacture of Plastic Food Containers
616/2013 30.07.2013 Argentina : Nutritional Labeling for Food Products
615/2013 30.07.2013 Argentina : Electronic Submission of Sworn Declaration for Product Composition of Textiles, Apparel and Footwear Products
614/2013 30.07.2013 Argentina : Accreditation Body for Toys and Childcare Articles
613/2013 30.07.2013 Uruguay : Coverage of Pre-packaged Products under Import Registration Requirements Expanded
612/2013 30.07.2013 Chile :  Amendment on the Value Assessment of "FCA" in  Customs Regulations
611/2013 30.07.2013 Chile : Low-voltage Electrical Conductors Certification Requirements Compliance Deadlines Extended
610/2013 30.07.2013 Chile : Home Theaters and Printers Certification Requirements Compliance Deadlines Advanced
609/2013 30.07.2013 Brazil : Requirements for Imported Plastic Seating for Sporting Events
608/2013 30.07.2013 Brazil : Modifications of Procedures to Verify Origin of Imports Not Subject to Trade Remedy Measures
607/2013 30.07.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs and Establishment of Tariff Rate Quotas on Various Products
606/2013 30.07.2013 Brazil : Exemption to Non-automatic Import Licensing Requirements
594/2013 25.07.2013 US : Energy Labeling Rule Amended
593/2013 25.07.2013 US : Revision of the List of Products Requiring Federal Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child Labour Pursuant to Executive Order 13126
591/2013 24.07.2013 Mexico : Official Standard on Net Content Tolerances for Pre-packaged Products Amended
590/2013 24.07.2013 Mexico : New Standards for Road Lighting Systems and Gas-fuelled Cooking Appliances
589/2013 24.07.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Silicon Metal from the Mainland of China: Preliminary Determinations
574/2013 18.07.2013 US : Certification of Factual Information during Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings
566/2013 16.07.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Unitized Wall Modules from the Mainland of China: Preliminary Determinations
564/2013 16.07.2013 US : Modification of a Ruling to the Tariff Classification of a Dry Suit
558/2013 11.07.2013 US : CPSC : Procedures and Requirements for Exclusions from Lead Limits for Children's Products Containing Lead
554/2013 10.07.2013 US : Lacey Act – Definitions for Exempt and Regulated Articles
553/2013 09.07.2013 Canada : Consultation on Canada's Food Safety System
541/2013 05.07.2013 US : De Facto Criteria for Establishing a Separate Rate in Antidumping Proceedings involving Non-Market Economy Countries
540/2013 05.07.2013 US : Consumer Products and Industrial Equipment Noncompliant with Applicable Energy Conservation or Labeling Standards Inadmissible
530/2013 04.07.2013 US : Adjustment to the Value of Imported Cotton for Assessment Calculation
516/2013 28.06.2013 Chile : LED Modules Used in Public Lighting and Tungsten Halogen Lamps Certification Requirements Compliance Deadlines Extended
506/2013 27.06.2013 Chile : Additional Requirements for Electronic Manifest System for Sea Cargo
505/2013 27.06.2013 Chile : New Registration Procedures and Surveillance Requirements for Imports of Alcoholic Beverages  and Vinegar
504/2013 27.06.2013 Chile : Ban on Sale of Certain Non-compliant Electrical Appliances
498/2013 26.06.2013 Brazil : Temporary Tax Incentives for Alcohol Products and Chemical Industry Inputs 
497/2013 25.06.2013 Colombia : Temporary Tariff Elimination for Certain Products and Update of Import Licensing Regime
496/2013 25.06.2013 Argentina : Notification Requirements for Certificate of Compliance for Bicycles Amended
495/2013 25.06.2013 US : CPSC: Safety Standards for Infant Walkers and Infant Swings
488/2013 21.06.2013 US : Anti-dumping Action against Silica Bricks and Shapes from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less than Fair Value
471/2013 17.06.2013 US : New Energy Efficiency Standards for Microwave Ovens
470/2013 17.06.2013 Canada : Consultation to Modernize Food Labelling
459/2013 07.06.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs and Establishment of Tariff Rate Quotas on Various Products
457/2013 06.06.2013 Canada : New Fines to Strengthen the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act
456/2013 06.06.2013 Brazil : New Regulations and Labelling Requirements for Insect Repellent Products
443/2013 05.06.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirement for Steel Cables for General Purposes Amended
442/2013 05.06.2013 Chile : Washing Machine Certification Requirements Compliance Deadlines Extended
441/2013 05.06.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination
422/2013 31.05.2013 Uruguay : Amendment of Automatic Import Licensing Requirement for Footwear
421/2013 31.05.2013 Uruguay : Certain Modifications to Exceptions From the MERCOSUR1 Common External Tariff
420/2013 31.05.2013 Colombia : Registration and Tracking System for Tobacco and Alcoholic Beverages
414/2013 30.05.2013 Argentina : Implementation of the Electronic Customs Communication and Notification System
410/2013 29.05.2013 Mexico : New Safety and Marking Standards for Water Heaters Fueled by LPG or Natural Gas
399/2013 24.05.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Copper Tube from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
391/2013 22.05.2013 Mexico : Ban on Importation of All Crustacean Species from the Mainland of China
388/2013 21.05.2013 US : Anti-dumping Action against Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigation
372/2013 14.05.2013 US : Health CPSC : Proposed Amendment of Regulation on Certificates of Compliance
363/2013 10.05.2013 Canada : Health Canada Amended Food and Drug Regulations to Strengthen Drug Safety
362/2013 10.05.2013 US : The Court of International Trade's Ruling on the Tariff Classification of Shelf Bra Garments
357/2013 09.05.2013 US : EPA : Revised Data Requirements for EPA Registration of Antimicrobial Pesticide Products
350/2013 07.05.2013 Chile : Import Taxes Lowered for "Extended Free Zones"
339/2013 06.05.2013 US : Anti-dumping Actions against Hardwood and Decorative Plywood from the Mainland of China: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less than Fair Value
338/2013 06.05.2013 US : Anti-dumping Actions against Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire from the Mainland of China : Institution of Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
330/2013 03.05.2013 Canada : Information for Manufacturers, Importers, Distributors and Retailers of Products Containing Small, Powerful Magnets
326/2013 30.04.2013 Brazil : Modification of Drug Testing Import Procedures
325/2013 30.04.2013 Chile : Modification of Certain Customs Rules
324/2013 30.04.2013 Argentina : Import Certificate for Used Goods
323/2013 30.04.2013 Argentina : Technical Requirements for Colorants in Personal Hygiene and Cosmetic Products and Perfumes
322/2013 30.04.2013 Argentina : Registration Requirements for "Risk I" Household Cleaning Products
321/2013 30.04.2013 Brazil : Elimination of Import Duties on Certain Products
320/2013 30.04.2013 Brazil : Simplification of Procedures to Verify Origin of Imports Not Subject to Trade Remedy Measures
314/2013 24.04.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Silicon Metal from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigations
310/2013 23.04.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Galvanized Steel Wire from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Determinations
296/2013 18.04.2013 Canada : Consultation on Potential Regulatory Amendments to the Playpens Regulations
294/2013 17.04.2013 US : CPSC : Request for Information Regarding Third Party Testing for Certain Prohibited Elements in Children's Products
281/2013 11.04.2013 US : Final Rule on Modification of Regulations Regarding the Definition of Factual Information and Time Limits for Submission of Factual Information
275/2013 10.04.2013 Mexico : Amendments to Updated List of Products Subject to Sanitary and Phytosanitary Requirements
269/2013 08.04.2013 US : Consumer Product Safety Commission: Proposed Safety Standard for Soft Infant and Toddler Carriers
244/2013 25.03.2013 Chile : Extension of Compliance Date of Test Protocol for Certain Household Products and Lamp Ballasts
242/2013 25.03.2013 Chile : Test Protocols for Certain Stoves and Boilers
236/2013 21.03.2013 US : FDA's Proposed Rule: Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food: Correction
229/2013 18.03.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Hardwood and Decorative Plywood from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination
218/2013 13.03.2013 US : CPSC's Final Rule: Requirements Pertaining to Third Party Conformity Assessment Bodies 
216/2013 13.03.2013 US : CPSC: Approval of Information Collection Concerning Third Party Testing of Children's Products
208/2013 08.03.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Various Products
207/2013 08.03.2013 Brazil : Technical Standards for Various Products
200/2013 07.03.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Unitized Wall Modules from the Mainland of China: Initiation of Investigations
199/2013 07.03.2013 Chile: Products Exempted from Allergen Labeling Requirements
197/2013 07.03.2013 Ecuador: Import Quota on Cell Phones
196/2013 07.03.2013 Ecuador : Import Quota on Motor Vehicles
193/2013 05.03.2013 US : Cargo Priorities under Sequestration
188/2013 04.03.2013 Mexico : Energy Efficiency and Safety Requirements for Fluorescent Lamps
187/2013 04.03.2013 Mexico : Amendments to Various Product Standards
182/2013 01.03.2013 Mexico : Cancellation of Various Product Standards
162/2013 21.02.2013 MERCOSUR1 : Importation of Capital Goods
161/2013 21.02.2013 Colombia : Prior Approval of Applications for Import Registration and Licence
160/2013 21.02.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Various Products
152/2013 19.02.2013 Argentina : Delay of Implementation of Technical Regulations for Personal Hygiene Products, Cosmetics and Perfumes and Sunscreen Products
151/2013 19.02.2013 Argentina: Prohibition of Importation of Certain Household Air Conditioning Equipment
150/2013 19.02.2013 Chile : Sworn Declaration for Imports of Satellite TV Decoders
149/2013 19.02.2013 Brazil : Technical Standard for Fixed Tanks
147/2013 18.02.2013 US : Consumer Product Safety Commission: Final Guidance on Inaccessible Component Parts in respect of Children's Toys and Child Care Articles Containing Phthalates
141/2013 07.02.2013 US : Energy Labeling Rule for Heating and Cooling Equipment
140/2013 07.02.2013 Argentina: Removal of Non-automatic Import Licensing Regime
130/2013 05.02.2013 Mexico : Tariff Reduction for Certain Textiles, Clothing and Footwear Products
129/2013 05.02.2013 US : FDA's Final Rule on Criteria Used to Order Administrative Detention of Food for Human or Animal Consumption
108/2013 29.01.2013 US : Internet Publication of Administrative Seizure and Forfeiture Notices
107/2013 29.01.2013 Canada : Importation of Energy-Using Products
97/2013 28.01.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from the Mainland of China : Initiation of Investigation
90/2013 24.01.2013 Mexico : Updated List of Products Regulated by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
89/2013 24.01.2013 Mexico : Amendments to Test Procedures for Heavy Metals in Glazed Pottery, Glazed Ceramics and Porcelain Items
83/2013 23.01.2013 Canada : Anti-dumping and Countervailing Actions against Certain Galvanized Steel Wire from the Mainland of China: Initiation of Investigations
82/2013 22.01.2013 US : FDA's Collection of Information Concerning Registration of Food Facilities; New FAQs Concerning Food Facility Registration
80/2013 22.01.2013 US : Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Microwave Ovens
58/2013 17.01.2013 US : Modification of Regulation Regarding the Extension of Time Limits in Anti-dumping and Countervailing Proceedings
47/2013 15.01.2013 Brazil : Conformity Certification Requirements for Various Products
46/2013 15.01.2013 Brazil : Technical Standards for Various Products
44/2013 14.01.2013 US : Consumer Product Safety Commission: Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection Concerning Cigarette Lighters
32/2013 11.01.2013 US : Energy Labeling Rule
31/2013 11.01.2013 US : Anti-dumping Action against Xanthan Gum from the Mainland of China : Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less than Fair Value
30/2013 11.01.2013 Canada : Increase to the Low Value Shipment Threshold for Shipments Imported into Canada
16/2013 07.01.2013 Brazil : List of Substances Authorised for Manufacture of Plastic Food Containers
15/2013 07.01.2013 Brazil : Nutritional Labeling for Food Products
14/2013 07.01.2013 Brazil : Modification of Import Tariffs on Various Products and Adjustments to Tariff Schedule
13/2013 07.01.2013 Brazil : List of Imported Products Exempted from Value-Added Tax for Inter-state Circulation
12/2013 07.01.2013 US : Consumer Product Safety Commission: Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection Concerning Mattresses
11/2013 07.01.2013 US : Countervailing Action against Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from the Mainland of China: Institution of Investigation and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigation